PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.
